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Close-up, macro, micro, although the definitions are rather vague and varied with regards to photographing objects up close, the following guidelines should help to describe the photographic technique.
is photography which displays detail. It is a photograph which is less than 1:1 reproduction and does not include the broader scene. The problem with defining close-up photography is that everything is relative. A photograph of the sun could be defined as a close-up of the universe.
Applications for close-up photography would include detail shots of a face for emphasis or emotion, tightly framed hands to show scale, activity or importance.
Chinese Siamese cat.
Macro Photography
can be defined as 1x magnification or life size and greater. 1x refers to the subject being reproduced at the cameras film plane as the same size. Magnified, this type of photograph can uncover detail that would be impossible for the eye to detect.
Applications would include same size images of objects to serve as a reference. Details of jewelry, flowers and insects.
Macro photograph of a kiwi
Micrography or Microscopy
is photography by means of a microscope to view objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye. This type of photography may include a scanning electron microscope.
Applications include microbiology, materials testing for information and analysis.
Pollen magnified some 500x, Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility